About the Authors

Douglas C. Heimburger

douglas.heimburger@vanderbilt.edu

Affiliations Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia, Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America, Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America

John R. Koethe

Affiliations Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Christopher Nyirenda

Affiliations Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia, Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia

Claire Bosire

Affiliations Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America, Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America

Janelle M. Chiasera

Affiliation Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America

Meridith Blevins

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Andres Julian Munoz

Affiliations Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Bryan E. Shepherd

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Dara Potter

Affiliation Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia

Isaac Zulu

Affiliations Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia, Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia

Angela Chisembele-Taylor

Affiliation Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia

Benjamin H. Chi

Affiliations Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America

Jeffrey S. A. Stringer

Affiliations Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America

Edmond K. Kabagambe

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: DCH CB DP IZ EKK. Performed the experiments: DCH CN CB JMC DP IZ ACT BHC JSAS EKK. Analyzed the data: DCH JRK CB MB AJM BES EKK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: DCH JMC. Wrote the paper: DCH JRK CN CB JMC MB AJM BES DP IZ ACT BHC JSAS EKK.