About the Authors

Andrew Vallely

a.vallely@uq.edu.au

Affiliations London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, African Medical and Research Foundation, Mwanza, Tanzania

Ian R. Hambleton

Affiliations London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, The University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados, West Indies

Stella Kasindi

Affiliation African Medical and Research Foundation, Mwanza, Tanzania

Louise Knight

Affiliations London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania

Suzanna C. Francis

Affiliation London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Tobias Chirwa

Affiliations London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania

Dean Everett

Affiliations London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania

Charles Shagi

Affiliation African Medical and Research Foundation, Mwanza, Tanzania

Claire Cook

Affiliations London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania

Celia Barberousse

Affiliations London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania

Deborah Watson-Jones

Affiliations London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, African Medical and Research Foundation, Mwanza, Tanzania

John Changalucha

Affiliation National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania

David Ross

Affiliation London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Richard J. Hayes

Affiliation London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

for the Microbicides Development Programme

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AV SK DWJ JC DAR RJH. Performed the experiments: AV SK DE CS JC. Analyzed the data: AV IRH SK LK SCF TC DE CS CC CB DWJ JC DAR RJH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AV IRH LK SCF TC DE CS CC CB DWJ JC RJH. Wrote the paper: AV IRH SK LK SCF TC DE CS CC CB DWJ JC DAR RJH.