About the Authors

Lesong Conteh

lesong.conteh@lshtm.ac.uk

Affiliations Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Elisa Sicuri

Affiliations Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic/Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain

Fatuma Manzi

Affiliation Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Guy Hutton

Affiliation Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland

Benson Obonyo

Affiliation Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya

Fabrizio Tediosi

Affiliations Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland, University of Boconni, Milan, Italy

Prosper Biao

Affiliation Consultant, Cotonou, Benin

Paul Masika

Affiliation National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga, Tanzania

Fred Matovu

Affiliation Faculty of Economics and Management, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda

Peter Otieno

Affiliation Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya

Roly D. Gosling

Affiliation London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Mary Hamel

Affiliations Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya, Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Frank O. Odhiambo

Affiliation Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya

Martin P. Grobusch

Affiliations Medical Research Unit, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon, Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

Peter G. Kremsner

Affiliations Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

Daniel Chandramohan

Affiliation London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

John J. Aponte

Affiliations Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic/Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Manhiça Health Research Center, Manhiça, Mozambique

Andrea Egan

Affiliation Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic/Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

David Schellenberg

Affiliation London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Eusebio Macete

Affiliation Manhiça Health Research Center, Manhiça, Mozambique

Laurence Slutsker

Affiliation London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Robert D. Newman

Affiliation London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Pedro Alonso

Affiliations Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic/Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain, Manhiça Health Research Center, Manhiça, Mozambique

Clara Menéndez

Affiliations Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic/Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain, Manhiça Health Research Center, Manhiça, Mozambique

Marcel Tanner

Affiliation Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: LC ES GH FT. Performed the experiments: LC ES FM BO FT PB PM FM PO. Analyzed the data: LC ES FM GH BO FT PB PM FM PO. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: LC ES FM GH BO FT PB PM FM. Wrote the paper: LC ES. Commented on various drafts of the manuscript: F. Manzi GH BO FT PB F. Matovu RDG MJH FOO MPG PGK DC JJA AE DS LS RN PLA CM MT. Secured funding: GH CM MT. Helped facilitate data collection: RDG MJH MPG PGK DC DS EM LS RN PLA CM MT.