About the Authors

Sarah Green

sarah.green@forestry.gsi.gov.uk

Affiliation Centre for Forestry and Climate Change, Forest Research, Roslin, Midlothian, United Kingdom

David J. Studholme

Current address: School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom

Affiliation The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom

Bridget E. Laue

Affiliation Centre for Forestry and Climate Change, Forest Research, Roslin, Midlothian, United Kingdom

Federico Dorati

Affiliation School of Biological Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom

Helen Lovell

Affiliation Centre for Research in Plant Science, University of the West of England, Bristol, Avon and Somerset, United Kingdom

Dawn Arnold

Affiliation Centre for Research in Plant Science, University of the West of England, Bristol, Avon and Somerset, United Kingdom

Joan E. Cottrell

Affiliation Centre for Human and Ecological Sciences, Forest Research, Roslin, Midlothian, United Kingdom

Stephen Bridgett

Affiliation The GenePool Genomics Facility, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Lothian and Borders, United Kingdom

Mark Blaxter

Affiliations The GenePool Genomics Facility, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Lothian and Borders, United Kingdom, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Lothian and Borders, United Kingdom

Edgar Huitema

Current address: Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Tayside, United Kingdom

Affiliation The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom

Richard Thwaites

Affiliation The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, Yorkshire, United Kingdom

Paul M. Sharp

Affiliation Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Lothian and Borders, United Kingdom

Robert W. Jackson

Contributed equally to this work with: Robert W. Jackson, Sophien Kamoun

Affiliation School of Biological Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom

Sophien Kamoun

Contributed equally to this work with: Robert W. Jackson, Sophien Kamoun

Affiliation The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SG DJS BEL JEC PMS RWJ. Performed the experiments: BEL FD HL EH PMS. Analyzed the data: SG DJS BEL FD JEC SB MB PMS RWJ. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SG DA RT SK. Wrote the paper: SG DJS BEL JEC PMS RWJ.