About the Authors

Keertan Dheda

keertan.dheda@uct.ac.za

Affiliations Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology and Clinical Immunology and UCT Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Centre for Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Infection, University College London Medical School, London, United Kingdom

Virginia Davids

Affiliation Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology and Clinical Immunology and UCT Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Laura Lenders

Affiliation Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology and Clinical Immunology and UCT Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Teri Roberts

Affiliation Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Richard Meldau

Affiliation Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology and Clinical Immunology and UCT Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Daphne Ling

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada

Laurence Brunet

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada

Richard van Zyl Smit

Affiliation Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology and Clinical Immunology and UCT Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Jonathan Peter

Affiliation Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology and Clinical Immunology and UCT Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Clare Green

Affiliation Centre for Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Infection, University College London Medical School, London, United Kingdom

Motasim Badri

Affiliation Clinical Research Support Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Leonardo Sechi

Affiliation Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, University of Sardinia, Sassari, Italy

Surendra Sharma

Affiliation Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, All India Institutes of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India

Michael Hoelscher

Affiliation Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Klinikum of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany

Rodney Dawson

Affiliation Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology and Clinical Immunology and UCT Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Andrew Whitelaw

Affiliation Division of Medical Microbiology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Jonathan Blackburn

Affiliations Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Madhukar Pai

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada

Alimuddin Zumla

Affiliation Centre for Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Infection, University College London Medical School, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: KD SS. Performed the experiments: LML TR RM LB. Analyzed the data: KD VD LML TR DL LB CG MB AW JB MPM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: KD RNvZS JP CG LAS SS MH RD AW JB MPM AZ. Wrote the paper: KD VD DL LB RNvZS JP LAS SS MH MPM.