About the Authors

Myungjin Kim

Current address: Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

Affiliation Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Departments of Surgery and of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Tiffany I. Long

Affiliation Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Departments of Surgery and of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Kazuko Arakawa

Affiliation Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Departments of Surgery and of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Renwei Wang

Affiliation Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

Mimi C. Yu

Affiliation Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

Peter W. Laird

plaird@usc.edu

Affiliation Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Departments of Surgery and of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

Peter W. Laird is a consultant, scientific advisory board member, and shareholder of Epigenomics, A.G., which is developing DNA methylation assays for clinical use. However, the work described in the current manuscript was performed without any support or involvement from Epigenomics. All other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MK MY PWL. Performed the experiments: MK TL. Analyzed the data: MK KA RW MY PWL. Wrote the paper: MK PWL.