About the Authors

John R. Koethe

john.r.koethe@vanderbilt.edu

Affiliations Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Andrew O. Westfall

Affiliation Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia

Dora K. Luhanga

Affiliation Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia

Gina M. Clark

Affiliation Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia

Jason D. Goldman

Affiliation Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia

Priscilla L. Mulenga

Affiliation Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia

Ronald A. Cantrell

Affiliation Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia

Benjamin H. Chi

Affiliations Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America

Isaac Zulu

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia

Michael S. Saag

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America

Jeffrey S. A. Stringer

Affiliations Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: GMC JDG PLM BHC IZ MSS JSAS. Performed the experiments: JK DKL GMC JDG PLM RAC BHC IZ MSS JSAS. Analyzed the data: JK AOW RAC BHC MSS JSAS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AOW RAC. Wrote the paper: JK AOW DKL GMC JDG PLM BHC JSAS.