About the Authors

Hongguang Liu

Affiliations Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China

Gang Ren

Affiliation Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Zheng Miao

Affiliation Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Xiaofen Zhang

Affiliations Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China

Xiaodong Tang

Affiliation Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America

Peizhen Han

Affiliation Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China

Sanjiv S. Gambhir

Affiliations Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America, Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Zhen Cheng

zcheng@stanford.edu

Affiliation Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: HL ZC. Performed the experiments: HL GR ZM XZ. Analyzed the data: HL XT PH SSG ZC. Wrote the paper: HL ZC.