About the Authors

Matthew Cairns

matthew.cairns@lshtm.ac.uk

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Roly Gosling

Affiliation Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Ilona Carneiro

Affiliation Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Samwel Gesase

Affiliation National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Centre, Tanga, Tanzania

Jacklin F. Mosha

Affiliation Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College, Moshi, Tanzania

Ramadhan Hashim

Affiliation National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Centre, Tanga, Tanzania

Harparkash Kaur

Affiliation Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Martha Lemnge

Affiliation National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Centre, Tanga, Tanzania

Frank W. Mosha

Affiliation Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College, Moshi, Tanzania

Brian Greenwood

Affiliation Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Daniel Chandramohan

Affiliation Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MEC RDG IC BG DC. Analyzed the data: MEC RDG IC HK DC. Wrote the paper: MEC RDG BG DC. Approved the final version of the manuscript: MEC RDG IC SG JM RH HK ML FM BG DC. Collected the data: RDG SG JM RH ML FM DC. Contributed to writing the manuscript: IC SG JM RH HK ML.