About the Authors

Arne B. Gjuvsland

Affiliation Centre for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE), Department of Mathematical Sciences and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway

Erik Plahte

Affiliation Centre for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE), Department of Mathematical Sciences and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway

Tormod Ådnøy

Affiliation Centre for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE), Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway

Stig W. Omholt

stig.omholt@umb.no

Affiliation Centre for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE), Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Wrote the paper: ABG EP SWO. Identified the need for genotype level definitions of allele action and conceived the study: SWO. Developed the concept of allele interaction: SWO ABG EP TÅ. Performed the simulations: SWO ABG EP.