About the Authors

Jane S. Greatorex

Affiliation Health Protection Agency, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Rosanna F. Page

Affiliation Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Martin D. Curran

Affiliation Health Protection Agency, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Paul Digard

Affiliation Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Joanne E. Enstone

Affiliation Public Health and Epidemiology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Tim Wreghitt

Affiliation Health Protection Agency, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Penny P. Powell

Affiliation Biomedical Research Centre, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom

Darren W. Sexton

Affiliation Biomedical Research Centre, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom

Roberto Vivancos

Affiliations Biomedical Research Centre, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom, Health Protection Agency, Cheshire and Merseyside Health Protection Unit, Cheshire, United Kingdom

Jonathan S. Nguyen-Van-Tam

jvt@nottingham.ac.uk

Affiliations Public Health and Epidemiology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom, Health Protection Agency, East Midlands, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

J.S.G., M.D.C., and T.W. are employed by the funder. J.N.V.T. holds an honorary contract with the funder. J.N.V.T. is a member of the United Kingdom Government Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JSG MDC JEE TW PPP DWS RV JSNVT. Performed the experiments: JSG RFP. Analyzed the data: JSG. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: PD. Wrote the paper: JSG RFP MDC PD JEE TW PPP DWS RV JSNVT.