About the Authors

Josephine V. J. Lightowler

Affiliations Ngwelezane Hospital, Empangeni, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom

Graham S. Cooke

gcooke@africacentre.ac.za

Affiliations Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Mtubatuba, South Africa, Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Portia Mutevedzi

Affiliation Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Mtubatuba, South Africa

Richard J. Lessells

Affiliation Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Mtubatuba, South Africa

Marie-Louise Newell

Affiliations Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Mtubatuba, South Africa, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom

Martin Dedicoat

Affiliations Ngwelezane Hospital, Empangeni, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, University of Limpopo, Limpopo, South Africa

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JVL GC MD. Performed the experiments: MD. Analyzed the data: JVL GC PM RJL MLN MD. Wrote the paper: JVL GC PM RJL MLN MD.