About the Authors

Gentaro Kumagai

Affiliations Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan

Yohei Okada

Affiliations Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan, Kanrinmaru Project, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Junichi Yamane

Affiliation Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Narihito Nagoshi

Affiliations Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Kazuya Kitamura

Affiliations Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Masahiko Mukaino

Affiliations Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Osahiko Tsuji

Affiliations Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Kanehiro Fujiyoshi

Affiliations Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Hiroyuki Katoh

Affiliation Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Seiji Okada

Affiliation Department of Research Super Star Program Stem Cell Unit, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyusyu University, Fukuoka, Japan

Shinsuke Shibata

Affiliation Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Yumi Matsuzaki

Affiliation Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Satoshi Toh

Affiliation Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan

Yoshiaki Toyama

Affiliation Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Masaya Nakamura

hidokano@sc.itc.keio.ac.jp (HO); masa@sc.itc.keio.ac.jp (MN)

Affiliation Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Hideyuki Okano

hidokano@sc.itc.keio.ac.jp (HO); masa@sc.itc.keio.ac.jp (MN)

Affiliation Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: GK YO YT MN HO. Performed the experiments: GK YO JY NN KK MM OT KF HK SS. Analyzed the data: GK MN. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: GK YO SO SS YM ST MN HO. Wrote the paper: GK YO HK MN HO.