About the Authors

Kentaro Q. Sakamoto

Affiliation Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

Akinori Takahashi

atak@nipr.ac.jp

Affiliation Department of Polar Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan

Takashi Iwata

Affiliation Department of Polar Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan

Philip N. Trathan

Affiliation British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: KQS AT PNT. Performed the experiments: KQS AT TI. Analyzed the data: KQS AT. Wrote the paper: AT PNT.