About the Authors

Jin Yu

Contributed equally to this work with: Jin Yu, Ngan F. Huang, Kitchener D. Wilson

Affiliations Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America, Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Ngan F. Huang

Contributed equally to this work with: Jin Yu, Ngan F. Huang, Kitchener D. Wilson

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

Kitchener D. Wilson

Contributed equally to this work with: Jin Yu, Ngan F. Huang, Kitchener D. Wilson

Affiliations Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America, Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Jeffrey B. Velotta

Affiliation Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

Mei Huang

Affiliations Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America, Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Zongjin Li

Affiliations Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America, Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Andrew Lee

Affiliations Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America, Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Robert C. Robbins

Affiliation Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

John P. Cooke

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

Joseph C. Wu

joewu@stanford.edu

Affiliations Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America, Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

Dr. Cooke is an inventor on Stanford University patents related to therapeutic applications of the nAChR pathway for therapeutic modulation of angiogenesis. These patents have been licensed to CoMentis Inc., in which company Dr. Cooke has equity.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: RR JPC JCW. Performed the experiments: JY NFH JBV MH ZL AL. Analyzed the data: JY NFH KDW JBV MH ZL AL RR JPC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: NFH JBV MH ZL AL. Wrote the paper: JY NFH KDW JPC JCW.