About the Authors

Ming-Yi Lee

Affiliation Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

Jian-Pei Huang

Affiliation Division of High Risk Pregnancy, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

Yi-Yung Chen

Affiliation Division of High Risk Pregnancy, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

John D. Aplin

Affiliation Maternal and Fetal Health Research Group, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom

Yi-Hsin Wu

Affiliation Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

Chia-Yu Chen

Affiliation Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

Pei-Chun Chen

Affiliation Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

Chie-Pein Chen

cpchen@ms2.mmh.org.tw

Affiliations Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Division of High Risk Pregnancy, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: CPC. Performed the experiments: MYL YHW CYC PCC. Analyzed the data: MYL JPH YYC JDA CPC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JPH YYC CPC. Wrote the paper: MYL CPC.