About the Authors

Daniel J. Barnett

dbarnett@jhsph.edu

Affiliations Johns Hopkins Center for Public Health Preparedness, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Johns Hopkins Preparedness and Emergency Response Research Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Ran D. Balicer

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel

Carol B. Thompson

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

J. Douglas Storey

Affiliations Johns Hopkins Preparedness and Emergency Response Research Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health/Center for Communication Programs, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Saad B. Omer

Affiliation Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Natalie L. Semon

Affiliations Johns Hopkins Center for Public Health Preparedness, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Johns Hopkins Preparedness and Emergency Response Research Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Steve Bayer

† Deceased.

Affiliation Mid-Ohio Valley Region, Parkersburg, West Virginia, United States of America

Lorraine V. Cheek

Affiliation Preble County General Health District, Wright State University Masters of Public Health, Eaton, Ohio, United States of America

Kerry W. Gateley

Affiliation Kanawha-Charleston Health Department, Charleston, West Virginia, United States of America

Kathryn M. Lanza

Affiliation Summit County Health District, Stow, Ohio, United States of America

Jane A. Norbin

Affiliation St. Paul-Ramsey County Department of Public Health, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America

Catherine C. Slemp

Affiliation Bureau for Public Health, West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources, Charleston, West Virginia, United States of America

Jonathan M. Links

Affiliations Johns Hopkins Center for Public Health Preparedness, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Johns Hopkins Preparedness and Emergency Response Research Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: DJB RDB JDS SBO. Analyzed the data: DJB RDB CBT JDS SBO. Wrote the paper: DJB RDB CBT. Coordinated manuscript development and contributed to its conceptual framework: DJB. Contributed to develop and operationalize the conceptual framework: JDS. Helped to refine the measurement and analysis of key concepts: JDS. Reviewed the manuscript: JDS SBO NLS VLC KWG KML JAN CCS JML. Contributed to statistical analytic methodology and research framework: SBO. Edited the manuscript: SBO KWG KML CCS JML. Oversaw survey implementation and coordination and contributed to Table 1 development: NLS. Contributed to survey implementation for manuscript development: SB. Contributed to survey implementation: VLC KWG KML JAN CCS. Contributed to the manuscript framework and conceptual design: JML.