About the Authors

David N. Breslauer

Contributed equally to this work with: David N. Breslauer, Robi N. Maamari

Affiliations UCSF/UC Berkeley Bioengineering Graduate Group, Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America

Robi N. Maamari

Contributed equally to this work with: David N. Breslauer, Robi N. Maamari

Affiliation Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America

Neil A. Switz

Affiliation Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America

Wilbur A. Lam

Affiliations Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Daniel A. Fletcher

fletch@berkeley.edu

Affiliations UCSF/UC Berkeley Bioengineering Graduate Group, Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America, Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors are co-inventors on a patent application filed by the University of California, Berkeley on the technology described in this manuscript.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: DNB RNM NS WL DAF. Performed the experiments: DNB RNM NS. Analyzed the data: DNB RNM NS WL DAF. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: WL. Wrote the paper: DNB RNM NS WL DAF. Designed the devices and experiments in this study: DNB RNM NAS DAF. Built the devices and conducted the experiments: DNB RNM NAS. Guided experiments and obtained samples: WAL.