About the Authors

Tomomi Kiyota

Affiliations Center for Neurovirology and Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America

Masaru Yamamoto

Affiliations Center for Neurovirology and Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America

Huangui Xiong

Affiliations Center for Neurovirology and Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America

Mary P. Lambert

Affiliation Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America

William L. Klein

Affiliation Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America

Howard E. Gendelman

Affiliations Center for Neurovirology and Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America

Richard M. Ransohoff

Affiliation Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Tsuneya Ikezu

tikezu@unmc.edu

Affiliations Center for Neurovirology and Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: TK MY RMR TI. Performed the experiments: TK MY HX. Analyzed the data: TK MY HX TI. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MPL WK. Wrote the paper: TK HX HEG RMR TI. Provided suggestions for the use of reagents: MPL.