About the Authors

Mitra J. Hooshmand

Affiliation Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America

Christopher J. Sontag

Affiliation Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America

Nobuko Uchida

Affiliation StemCells, Inc., Palo Alto, California, United States of America

Stan Tamaki

Affiliation StemCells, Inc., Palo Alto, California, United States of America

Aileen J. Anderson

Contributed equally to this work with: Aileen J. Anderson, Brian J. Cummings

Affiliation Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Reeve-Irvine Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America

Brian J. Cummings

Contributed equally to this work with: Aileen J. Anderson, Brian J. Cummings

cummings@uci.edu

Affiliation Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Reeve-Irvine Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

MJH, CJS, and BJC declare no competing interests exist. AJA serves as a paid consultant to StemCells, Inc. NU and ST have financial interest in StemCells, Inc.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MJH AA BJC. Performed the experiments: MJH AA BJC. Analyzed the data: MJH CJS AA BJC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: NU ST. Wrote the paper: MJH CJS NU ST AA BJC.