About the Authors

Karin Ahrné

karin.ahrne@ekol.slu.se

Affiliation Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden

Jan Bengtsson

Affiliation Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden

Thomas Elmqvist

Affiliation Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: KEA JB TE. Performed the experiments: KEA. Analyzed the data: KEA. Wrote the paper: KEA JB TE.