About the Authors

Mari Nelis

Contributed equally to this work with: Mari Nelis, Tõnu Esko

Affiliations Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Estonian Biocentre, Genotyping Core Facility, Tartu, Estonia

Tõnu Esko

Contributed equally to this work with: Mari Nelis, Tõnu Esko

Affiliations Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Estonian Biocentre, Genotyping Core Facility, Tartu, Estonia, Estonian Genome Project, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

Reedik Mägi

Affiliations Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, OÜ BioData, Tartu, Estonia

Fritz Zimprich

Affiliation Department of Clinical Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

Alexander Zimprich

Affiliation Department of Clinical Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

Draga Toncheva

Affiliation Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria

Sena Karachanak

Affiliation Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria

Tereza Piskáčková

Affiliation Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Cystic Fibrosis Centre, University Hospital Motol and 2nd School of Medicine, Charles University Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

Ivan Balaščák

Affiliation Department of Neonatology, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Motol and 2nd School of Medicine, Charles University Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

Leena Peltonen

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK and the Institute of Molecular Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Eveliina Jakkula

Affiliation Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) and National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland

Karola Rehnström

Affiliation Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) and National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland

Mark Lathrop

Affiliations Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut Genomique, Centre National de Génotypage, Evry, France, Fondation Jean Dausset-CEPH, Paris, France

Simon Heath

Affiliation Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut Genomique, Centre National de Génotypage, Evry, France

Pilar Galan

Affiliation UMR U557 Inserm, U1125 Inra, Cnam, Paris 13, Paris, France

Stefan Schreiber

Affiliation PopGen Biobank, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany

Thomas Meitinger

Affiliations Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany

Arne Pfeufer

Affiliations Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany

H-Erich Wichmann

Affiliations Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany

Béla Melegh

Affiliation Department of Medical Genetics and Child Development, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary

Noémi Polgár

Affiliation Department of Medical Genetics and Child Development, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary

Daniela Toniolo

Affiliation Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Research Institute, Milano, Italy

Paolo Gasparini

Affiliation Medical Genetics, Department of Reproductive Sciences and Development, IRCCS-Burlo Garofolo, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy

Pio D'Adamo

Affiliation Medical Genetics, Department of Reproductive Sciences and Development, IRCCS-Burlo Garofolo, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy

Janis Klovins

Affiliation Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Riga, Latvia

Liene Nikitina-Zake

Affiliation Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Riga, Latvia

Vaidutis Kučinskas

Affiliation Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania

Jūratė Kasnauskienė

Affiliation Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania

Jan Lubinski

Affiliation International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland

Tadeusz Debniak

Affiliation International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland

Svetlana Limborska

Affiliation Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia

Andrey Khrunin

Affiliation Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia

Xavier Estivill

Affiliation Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG-UPF) and CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain

Raquel Rabionet

Affiliation Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG-UPF) and CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain

Sara Marsal

Affiliation Rheumatology Research group, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain

Antonio Julià

Affiliation Rheumatology Research group, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain

Stylianos E. Antonarakis

Affiliation Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland

Samuel Deutsch

Affiliation Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland

Christelle Borel

Affiliation Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland

Homa Attar

Affiliation Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland

Maryline Gagnebin

Affiliation Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland

Milan Macek

Affiliation Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Cystic Fibrosis Centre, University Hospital Motol and 2nd School of Medicine, Charles University Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

Michael Krawczak

Affiliation PopGen Biobank, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany

Maido Remm

Affiliation Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

Andres Metspalu

andres@ebc.ee

Affiliations Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Estonian Biocentre, Genotyping Core Facility, Tartu, Estonia, Estonian Genome Project, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MN TE AM. Performed the experiments: MN TE. Analyzed the data: MN TE RM MR AM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: FZ AZ DT SK MM TP IB LP EJ KR ML SH PG MK SS TM AP HEW BM NP DT PG PD JK LNZ VK JK JL TD SL AK XE RR SM AJ SEA SD CB HAC MG AM. Wrote the paper: MN TE AM.