About the Authors
- Khalid S. Mohammad
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Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Carol G. Chen
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Affiliations Graduate Program in Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Guive Balooch
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Affiliation Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Elizabeth Stebbins
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Affiliation Scios, Inc, Fremont, California, United States of America
- C. Ryan McKenna
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Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Holly Davis
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Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Maria Niewolna
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Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Xiang Hong Peng
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Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Daniel H. N. Nguyen
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Affiliation Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Sophi S. Ionova-Martin
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Affiliation Scios, Inc, Fremont, California, United States of America
- John W. Bracey
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Affiliation Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Research, Barton Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- William R. Hogue
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Affiliation Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Research, Barton Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- Darren H. Wong
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Affiliations Scios, Inc, Fremont, California, United States of America, Pfizer RTC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Robert O. Ritchie
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Affiliation Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Larry J. Suva
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Affiliation Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Research, Barton Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- Rik Derynck
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Affiliations Graduate Program in Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America, Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America, Institute of Regeneration Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Theresa A. Guise
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Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Tamara Alliston
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* E-mail: tamara.alliston@ucsf.edu
Affiliations Graduate Program in Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America, Institute of Regeneration Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
Competing Interests
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: KM RD. Performed the experiments: KM SIM. Analyzed the data: KM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: KM. Wrote the paper: KM. Wrote the manuscript with critical input from all authors: TA. Planned and performed most of the experiments with assistance from CRM, HD, MN, XHP: KSM. Planned and performed nanoindentation analyses: CC. Performed XTM: GB. Participated in study design: ES. Administered drugs and did DXA measurements: HD RM. Performed CFU-F & CFU-OB: MN. Did the histology: XHP. Planned and performed gene expression studies: DN TA. Performed microCT: WH JB. Participated in study design: DW. Planned fracture toughness tests and X-ray tomography, which were performed by SSI-M and GB respectively: RR. Planned micro-tomography and macromechanical tests, which were performed by JWB and WRH: LS. Designed and coordinated the study and supervised all experiments: TAG TA.