About the Authors

Andrea Conroy

Affiliations McLaughlin-Rotman Centre for Global Health, Toronto General Hospital, McLaughlin Centre for Molecular Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Lena Serghides

Affiliation McLaughlin-Rotman Centre for Global Health, Toronto General Hospital, McLaughlin Centre for Molecular Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Constance Finney

Affiliation McLaughlin-Rotman Centre for Global Health, Toronto General Hospital, McLaughlin Centre for Molecular Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Simon O. Owino

Affiliations Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases and Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America, Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya

Sanjeev Kumar

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America

D. Channe Gowda

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America

W. Conrad Liles

Affiliations McLaughlin-Rotman Centre for Global Health, Toronto General Hospital, McLaughlin Centre for Molecular Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Tropical Disease Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Julie M. Moore

Affiliation Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases and Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America

Kevin C. Kain

kevin.kain@uhn.on.ca

Affiliations McLaughlin-Rotman Centre for Global Health, Toronto General Hospital, McLaughlin Centre for Molecular Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Tropical Disease Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: ALC LS WCL KCK. Performed the experiments: ALC LS CF. Analyzed the data: ALC LS CF KCK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SOO SK CDG WCL JMM KCK. Wrote the paper: ALC KCK. Organized collection of clinical samples and clinical data: SOO JMM.