About the Authors

Ying Wang

ying.wang.6@asu.edu

Affiliation School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America

Gro V. Amdam

Affiliations School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America, Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway

Olav Rueppell

Affiliation Department of Biology, University of North Carolina–Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, United States of America

Megan A. Wallrichs

Affiliation Department of Biology, University of North Carolina–Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, United States of America

M. Kim Fondrk

Affiliation School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America

Osman Kaftanoglu

Affiliation School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America

Robert E. Page Jr.

Affiliation School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: YW GVA OR REPJ. Performed the experiments: YW OR MAW MKF OK. Analyzed the data: YW GVA OR MAW REPJ. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: GVA OR REPJ. Wrote the paper: YW GVA OR REPJ.