About the Authors

Joseph Kagaayi

jkagayi@rhsp.org

Affiliation Department of Clinical Research Studies, Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Uganda

Ronald H. Gray

Affiliation Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Heena Brahmbhatt

Affiliation Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Godfrey Kigozi

Affiliation Department of Clinical Research Studies, Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Uganda

Fred Nalugoda

Affiliation Department of Clinical Research Studies, Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Uganda

Fred Wabwire-Mangen

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda

David Serwadda

Affiliation Department of Disease Control, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda

Nelson Sewankambo

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Makerere University School of Medicine, Kampala, Uganda

Veronica Ddungu

Affiliation Department of Clinical Research Studies, Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Uganda

Darix Ssebagala

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics and Data Management, Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Uganda

Joseph Sekasanvu

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics and Data Management, Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Uganda

Grace Kigozi

Affiliation Department of Quality Control and Quality Assurance, Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Uganda

Fredrick Makumbi

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda

Noah Kiwanuka

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda

Tom Lutalo

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics and Data Management, Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Uganda

Steven J. Reynolds

Affiliations Division of infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Maria J. Wawer

Affiliation Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JK RG MW. Performed the experiments: VD GK. Analyzed the data: JK DKS JS FM NK TL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SJR. Wrote the paper: JK RG HB GK FN FWM DS NS VD DKS JS GK FM NK TL SJR MW. Quality control and quality assurance: GK.