About the Authors

Isabella Irrcher

Affiliation Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Vladimir Ljubicic

Affiliations School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Angie F. Kirwan

Affiliation Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

David A. Hood

dhood@yorku.ca

Affiliations School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: II DAH. Performed the experiments: II VL AFK. Analyzed the data: II VL DAH. Wrote the paper: II DAH.