About the Authors

Leigh-Ann Woolley

leigh-ann@polka.co.za

Affiliation Amarula Elephant Research Programme, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa

Joshua J. Millspaugh

Affiliation Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America

Rami J. Woods

Affiliation Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America

Samantha Janse van Rensburg

Affiliation Amarula Elephant Research Programme, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa

Robin L. Mackey

Affiliation Amarula Elephant Research Programme, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa

Bruce Page

Affiliation Amarula Elephant Research Programme, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa

Rob Slotow

Affiliation Amarula Elephant Research Programme, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: LAW RS. Performed the experiments: LAW. Analyzed the data: LAW RLM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: LAW JM RJW SJvR BP. Wrote the paper: LAW RS.