About the Authors

Madelyn R. Schmidt

Madelyn.Schmidt@umassmed.edu

Affiliation Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America

Michael C. Appel

Affiliation National Institutes of Health, The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Lisa J. Giassi

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America

Dale L. Greiner

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America

Leonard D. Shultz

Affiliation The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America

Robert T. Woodland

Affiliation Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MRS MCA RTW. Performed the experiments: MRS MCA. Analyzed the data: MRS MCA LJG. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: LJG DLG LDS RTW. Wrote the paper: MRS RTW.