About the Authors
- Kerry Dwan
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* E-mail: kerry.dwan@liverpool.ac.uk
Affiliation Centre for Medical Statistics and Health Evaluation, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Douglas G. Altman
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Affiliation Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Juan A. Arnaiz
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Affiliation Clinical Pharmacology Unit, UASP Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Jill Bloom
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Affiliation Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- An-Wen Chan
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Affiliation Randomized Controlled Trials Unit, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Ottawa, Canada
- Eugenia Cronin
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Affiliation Healthier Communities/Public Health, Greenwich Council, London, England
- Evelyne Decullier
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Affiliation Clinical Epidemiology Unit, DIM-Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Philippa J. Easterbrook
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Affiliation Department of HIV/GUM, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Erik Von Elm
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Affiliations Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, German Cochrane Centre, Department of Medical Biometry and Medical Informatics, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Carrol Gamble
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Affiliation Centre for Medical Statistics and Health Evaluation, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Davina Ghersi
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Affiliation NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Camperdown, Australia
- John P. A. Ioannidis
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Affiliations Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- John Simes
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Affiliation National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Paula R. Williamson
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Affiliation Centre for Medical Statistics and Health Evaluation, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
Competing Interests
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: KD DGA CG PW. Performed the experiments: KD. Analyzed the data: KD. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JAA JB AWC EC ED PE EvE CG DG JPAI JS PW. Wrote the paper: KD DGA. Performed the literature search and data extraction, contacted all authors of included studies and wrote the first draft: KD. Contributed to the development of the protocol: KD DGA CG PW. Provided comments on the manuscript: DGA ED EvE CG JPAI JS PW. Gave permission to include data from their study in the review, responded to queries and provided extra information when needed and available: JAA JB AWC EC ED PE EvE DG JPAI.