About the Authors

Debbie A. Lawlor

d.a.lawlor@bristol.ac.uk

Affiliations MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Roger M. Harbord

Affiliation Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Nic J. Timpson

Affiliations MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Gordon D. O. Lowe

Affiliation Division of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Ann Rumley

Affiliation Division of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Tom R. Gaunt

Affiliation Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Ian Baker

Affiliation Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

John W. G. Yarnell

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom

Mika Kivimäki

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Meena Kumari

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Paul E. Norman

Affiliation School of Surgery and Pathology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia

Konrad Jamrozik

Affiliation School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia

Graeme J. Hankey

Affiliation School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia

Osvaldo P. Almeida

Affiliation Western Australian Centre for Health & Ageing, University of Australia, Perth, Australia

Leon Flicker

Affiliation Western Australian Centre for Health & Ageing, University of Australia, Perth, Australia

Nicole Warrington

Affiliation Laboratory for Genetic Epidemiology, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research and University of Western Australia Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia

Michael G. Marmot

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Yoav Ben-Shlomo

Affiliation Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Lyle J. Palmer

Affiliations MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, Laboratory for Genetic Epidemiology, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research and University of Western Australia Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia

Ian N. M. Day

Affiliations MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Shah Ebrahim

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

George Davey Smith

Affiliations MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: DAL NJT GDS. Performed the experiments: DAL IB JWGY PEN KJ GH OPA LF MM YBS SE. Analyzed the data: DAL RMH MK MK NW. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: GL AR TG LP INMD. Wrote the paper: DAL RMH NJT GL AR TG IB JWGY MK MK PEN KJ GH OPA LF NW MM YBS LP INMD SE GDS.