About the Authors

Jinhua Xiang

Affiliation Iowa City VA Medical Center and the University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America

James H. McLinden

Affiliation Iowa City VA Medical Center and the University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America

Qing Chang

Affiliation Iowa City VA Medical Center and the University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America

Emma L. Jordan

Affiliation Iowa City VA Medical Center and the University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America

Jack T. Stapleton

jack-stapleton@uiowa.edu

Affiliation Iowa City VA Medical Center and the University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America

Competing Interests

Drs. Xiang and Stapleton hold a patent (United States Patent No. 7,291,723) on the use of GBV-C as a therapeutic modality for HIV, and Drs. Xiang, McLinden and Stapleton have a patent application pending related to the use of NS5A as an anti-HIV therapy.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JS JX JM. Performed the experiments: JX JM QC EJ. Analyzed the data: JS JX JM QC EJ. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JS JM. Wrote the paper: JS JX JM QC EJ.