About the Authors

Nora Mutalima

nora.mutalima@gmail.com

Affiliation Department of Public Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Elizabeth Molyneux

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi

Harold Jaffe

Affiliation Department of Public Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Steve Kamiza

Affiliation Department of Histopathology, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi

Eric Borgstein

Affiliation Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi

Nyengo Mkandawire

Affiliation Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi

George Liomba

Affiliation Department of Histopathology, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi

Mkume Batumba

Affiliation Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi

Dimitrios Lagos

Affiliation Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research based at University College London, London, United Kingdom

Fiona Gratrix

Affiliation Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research based at University College London, London, United Kingdom

Chris Boshoff

Affiliation Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research based at University College London, London, United Kingdom

Delphine Casabonne

Affiliation Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Lucy M. Carpenter

Affiliation Department of Public Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Robert Newton

Affiliation Epidemiology and Genetics Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: EM RN LC NM SK EB NM GL MB. Performed the experiments: CB EM NM SK EB DL FG. Analyzed the data: HJ RN LC DC NM. Wrote the paper: HJ RN LC NM.