About the Authors

James E. Stahl

Jstahl@partners.org

Affiliations MGH- Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Jennifer E. Kreke

Affiliation Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Fawaz Ali Abdul Malek

Affiliation Industrial and Management Systems Engineering Department, University of Kuwait, Kuwait City, Kuwait

Andrew J. Schaefer

Affiliations Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Joseph Vacanti

Affiliation Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JS. Performed the experiments: JS JK FM AS. Analyzed the data: JS JK FM AS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JV JS AS. Wrote the paper: JS.