About the Authors

Akio Nakashima

Current address: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Affiliations Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan

Yoshiko Maruki

Affiliation Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan

Yuko Imamura

Affiliation Division of Molecular Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan

Chika Kondo

Affiliation Division of Molecular Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan

Tomoko Kawamata

Affiliation Division of Molecular Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan

Ippei Kawanishi

Affiliation Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan

Hideki Takata

Affiliation Department of Geriatric Research, National Institute for Longevity Sciences, Obu Aichi, Japan

Akira Matsuura

Current address: Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan

Affiliation Department of Geriatric Research, National Institute for Longevity Sciences, Obu Aichi, Japan

Kyung S. Lee

Affiliation Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Ushio Kikkawa

Affiliation Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan

Yoshinori Ohsumi

Affiliation Division of Molecular Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan

Kazuyoshi Yonezawa

Affiliations Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan

Yoshiaki Kamada

yoshikam@nibb.ac.jp

Affiliations CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan, Division of Molecular Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: YO YK AN AM KL KY. Performed the experiments: YK AN YM YI CK IK HT. Analyzed the data: YO YK HT AM KL UK KY. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: YM YI CK TK KL. Wrote the paper: YK.