About the Authors

Fumiaki Sato

Contributed equally to this work with: Fumiaki Sato, Zhe Jin

fsato@pharm.kyoto-u.ac.jp

Affiliations Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Department of Nanobio Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

Zhe Jin

Contributed equally to this work with: Fumiaki Sato, Zhe Jin

Affiliations Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Karsten Schulmann

Affiliations Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Medical Department, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany

Jean Wang

Affiliation Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Bruce D. Greenwald

Affiliation Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Tetsuo Ito

Affiliations Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Takatsugu Kan

Affiliations Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

James P. Hamilton

Affiliations Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Jian Yang

Affiliations Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Bogdan Paun

Affiliations Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Stefan David

Affiliations Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Alexandru Olaru

Affiliations Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Yulan Cheng

Affiliations Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Yuriko Mori

Affiliations Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

John M. Abraham

Affiliations Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Harris G. Yfantis

Affiliation Department of Anatomic Pathology, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care Systems, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Tsung-Teh Wu

Affiliation Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America

Mary B. Fredericksen

Affiliation Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America

Kenneth K. Wang

Affiliation Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America

Marcia Canto

Affiliation Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Yvonne Romero

Affiliation Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America

Ziding Feng

Affiliation Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Stephen J. Meltzer

Affiliations Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: FS SM. Performed the experiments: ZJ KS HY TW. Analyzed the data: ZF FS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: YC BP TK AO JY SD JH TI YM JW BG JA MF KW MC YR SM. Wrote the paper: FS YR SM.