About the Authors

Gesa Feenders

Current address: Institute of Neuroscience, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

Affiliation Volkswagen Nachwuchsgruppe Animal Navigation, Institut für Biologie und Umweltwissenschaften (IBU), University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany

Miriam Liedvogel

Current address: Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Affiliation Volkswagen Nachwuchsgruppe Animal Navigation, Institut für Biologie und Umweltwissenschaften (IBU), University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany

Miriam Rivas

Affiliation Duke University Medical Center, Department of Neurobiology, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Manuela Zapka

Affiliation Volkswagen Nachwuchsgruppe Animal Navigation, Institut für Biologie und Umweltwissenschaften (IBU), University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany

Haruhito Horita

Affiliation Duke University Medical Center, Department of Neurobiology, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Erina Hara

Affiliation Duke University Medical Center, Department of Neurobiology, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Kazuhiro Wada

Current address: Division of Integrated Life Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

Affiliation Duke University Medical Center, Department of Neurobiology, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Henrik Mouritsen

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: henrik.mouritsen@uni-oldenburg.de (HM); jarvis@neuro.duke.edu (EJ)

Affiliation Volkswagen Nachwuchsgruppe Animal Navigation, Institut für Biologie und Umweltwissenschaften (IBU), University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany

Erich D. Jarvis

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: henrik.mouritsen@uni-oldenburg.de (HM); jarvis@neuro.duke.edu (EJ)

Affiliation Duke University Medical Center, Department of Neurobiology, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: EJ HM GF. Performed the experiments: EJ HM ML GF MR MZ. Analyzed the data: EJ HM GF. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: EJ. Wrote the paper: EJ HM GF. Other: Performed the deafening surgeries and some of the singing-driven gene expression experiments: HH. Supervised initial gene expression experiments: KW. Performed the hummingbird experiments: EH.