About the Authors

Yingyao Zhou

Contributed equally to this work with: Yingyao Zhou, Vandana Ramachandran, Kota Arun Kumar

Affiliation Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California, United States of America

Vandana Ramachandran

Contributed equally to this work with: Yingyao Zhou, Vandana Ramachandran, Kota Arun Kumar

Affiliation Department of Cell Biology ICND202, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Kota Arun Kumar

Contributed equally to this work with: Yingyao Zhou, Vandana Ramachandran, Kota Arun Kumar

Affiliation Department of Pathology, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America

Scott Westenberger

Affiliation Department of Cell Biology ICND202, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Phillippe Refour

Affiliation Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Bin Zhou

Affiliation Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California, United States of America

Fengwu Li

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America

Jason A. Young

Affiliation Department of Cell Biology ICND202, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Kaisheng Chen

Affiliation Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California, United States of America

David Plouffe

Affiliation Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California, United States of America

Kerstin Henson

Affiliations Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California, United States of America, Department of Cell Biology ICND202, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Victor Nussenzweig

Affiliation Department of Pathology, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America

Jane Carlton

Affiliation Department of Pathology, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America

Joseph M. Vinetz

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America

Manoj T. Duraisingh

Affiliation Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Elizabeth A. Winzeler

*E-mail: winzeler@scripps.edu

Affiliations Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California, United States of America, Department of Cell Biology ICND202, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JV EW YZ MD VR KK SW PR JY FL. Performed the experiments: DP VR KK SW PR JY KH FL. Analyzed the data: EW YZ. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JV YZ VN MD JC BZ KC. Wrote the paper: EW YZ.