About the Authors

Jonathan E. McDunn

Contributed equally to this work with: Jonathan E. McDunn, Kareem D. Husain, Ashoka D. Polpitiya

Affiliations Center for Critical Illness and Health Engineering, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Kareem D. Husain

Contributed equally to this work with: Jonathan E. McDunn, Kareem D. Husain, Ashoka D. Polpitiya

Affiliation Center for Critical Illness and Health Engineering, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Ashoka D. Polpitiya

Contributed equally to this work with: Jonathan E. McDunn, Kareem D. Husain, Ashoka D. Polpitiya

Current address: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America

Affiliation Center for Critical Illness and Health Engineering, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Anton Burykin

Affiliation Center for Critical Illness and Health Engineering, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Jianhua Ruan

Affiliation Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Qing Li

Affiliation Department of Mathematics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

William Schierding

Affiliation Center for Critical Illness and Health Engineering, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Nan Lin

Affiliation Department of Mathematics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

David Dixon

Affiliation Center for Critical Illness and Health Engineering, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Weixiong Zhang

Affiliations Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America, Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Craig M. Coopersmith

Affiliations Center for Critical Illness and Health Engineering, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

W. Michael Dunne

Affiliation Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Marco Colonna

Affiliation Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Bijoy K. Ghosh

Current address: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America

Affiliation Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

J. Perren Cobb

*E-mail: cobb@wustl.edu

Affiliations Center for Critical Illness and Health Engineering, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America, Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JC MC JM CC WD BG. Performed the experiments: JM KH. Analyzed the data: JC JM KH AP NL QL AB JR WZ BG DD WS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JM AP NL QL AB JR WZ BG WS. Wrote the paper: JC JM AP AB WZ CC WS. Other: Designed the study: JC.