About the Authors

William J. Freed

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: wfreed@mail.nih.gov

Affiliation Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Jia Chen

Affiliation Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Cristina M. Bäckman

Affiliation Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Catherine M. Schwartz

Affiliation Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Tandis Vazin

Affiliation Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Jingli Cai

Affiliation Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Charles E. Spivak

Affiliation Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Carl R. Lupica

Affiliation Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Mahendra S. Rao

Current address: Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Corporate Research Laboratories, Invitrogen Corporation, Carlsbad, California, United States of America,

Affiliation Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Xianmin Zeng

Current address: Buck Institute for Age Research, Novato, California, United States of America

Affiliation Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: XZ MR WF JC CB CL. Performed the experiments: XZ JC CB CS CS. Analyzed the data: XZ MR WF JC CB TV JC CL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MR CB CS TV JC. Wrote the paper: XZ WF JC.