About the Authors
- Jairam R. Lingappa
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*To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: lingappa@u.washington.edu
Affiliation University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Barrot Lambdin
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Affiliation University of Washington, Department of Epidemiology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Elizabeth Ann Bukusi
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Affiliation Center for Microbiology Research Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Kenneth Ngure
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Affiliation Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
- Linda Kavuma
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Affiliation Infectious Disease Institute, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda
- Mubiana Inambao
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Affiliation Rwanda-Zambia HIV Research Group (RZHRG), Ndola, Zambia
- William Kanweka
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Affiliation Rwanda-Zambia HIV Research Group (RZHRG), Kitwe, Zambia
- Susan Allen
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Affiliation RZHRG and Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- James N. Kiarie
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Affiliation University of Nairobi, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nairobi, Kenya
- Joseph Makhema
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Affiliation Botswana-Harvard Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Edwin Were
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Affiliation Moi University, Department of Reproductive Health, Eldoret, Kenya
- Rachel Manongi
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Affiliation Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
- David Coetzee
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Affiliation Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
- Guy de Bruyn
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Affiliation Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
- Sinead Delany-Moretlwe
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Affiliation Reproductive Health Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
- Amalia Magaret
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Affiliation University of Washington, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Nelly Mugo
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Affiliations University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
- Andrew Mujugira
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Affiliation University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Patrick Ndase
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Affiliation University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Connie Celum
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Affiliation University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- for the Partners in Prevention HSV-2/HIV Transmission Study Group
Competing Interests
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: CC WK JL JK EB KN LK MI SA EW DC Gd SD NM PN. Performed the experiments: CC WK JL AM BL EB KN LK MI JM EW RM DC Gd SD NM AM PN. Analyzed the data: JL BL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SA. Wrote the paper: CC WK JL AM JK BL EB KN LK MI SA JM EW RM DC Gd SD NM AM PN.