About the Authors

Jairam R. Lingappa

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: lingappa@u.washington.edu

Affiliation University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Barrot Lambdin

Affiliation University of Washington, Department of Epidemiology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Elizabeth Ann Bukusi

Affiliation Center for Microbiology Research Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya

Kenneth Ngure

Affiliation Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya

Linda Kavuma

Affiliation Infectious Disease Institute, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda

Mubiana Inambao

Affiliation Rwanda-Zambia HIV Research Group (RZHRG), Ndola, Zambia

William Kanweka

Affiliation Rwanda-Zambia HIV Research Group (RZHRG), Kitwe, Zambia

Susan Allen

Affiliation RZHRG and Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

James N. Kiarie

Affiliation University of Nairobi, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nairobi, Kenya

Joseph Makhema

Affiliation Botswana-Harvard Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana

Edwin Were

Affiliation Moi University, Department of Reproductive Health, Eldoret, Kenya

Rachel Manongi

Affiliation Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania

David Coetzee

Affiliation Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa

Guy de Bruyn

Affiliation Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa

Sinead Delany-Moretlwe

Affiliation Reproductive Health Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa

Amalia Magaret

Affiliation University of Washington, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Nelly Mugo

Affiliations University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya

Andrew Mujugira

Affiliation University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Patrick Ndase

Affiliation University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Connie Celum

Affiliation University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

for the Partners in Prevention HSV-2/HIV Transmission Study Group

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: CC WK JL JK EB KN LK MI SA EW DC Gd SD NM PN. Performed the experiments: CC WK JL AM BL EB KN LK MI JM EW RM DC Gd SD NM AM PN. Analyzed the data: JL BL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SA. Wrote the paper: CC WK JL AM JK BL EB KN LK MI SA JM EW RM DC Gd SD NM AM PN.