About the Authors

Jean-Michel Hougardy

Affiliation Laboratory of Vaccinology and Mucosal Immunity, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium

Kinda Schepers

Affiliation Laboratory of Vaccinology and Mucosal Immunity, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium

Sammy Place

Affiliation Laboratory of Vaccinology and Mucosal Immunity, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium

Annie Drowart

Affiliations Department of Pneumology, Hôpital Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium, Department of Pneumology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium

Véronique Lechevin

Affiliations Department of Immunodeficiency, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium, Department of Occupational Medicine, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium

Virginie Verscheure

Affiliation Laboratory of Vaccinology and Mucosal Immunity, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium

Anne-Sophie Debrie

Affiliations INSERM, U629, Lille, France, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France

T. Mark Doherty

Affiliation Department of Tuberculosis Immunology, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark

Jean-Paul Van Vooren

Affiliation Department of Immunodeficiency, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium

Camille Locht

Affiliations INSERM, U629, Lille, France, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France

Françoise Mascart

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: fmascart@ulb.ac.be

Affiliations Laboratory of Vaccinology and Mucosal Immunity, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium, Immunobiology Clinic, Hôpital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: CL FM JH KS. Performed the experiments: JH SP KS VV. Analyzed the data: FM JH KS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AD TD AD VL JV. Wrote the paper: CL FM JH. Other: Discussed the results: CL JV TD SP AD. Critically read the manuscript and made substantial improvements: TD.