About the Authors

Matthew N. Van Ert

Current address: Midwest Research Institute, Palm Bay, Florida, United States of America

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America

W. Ryan Easterday

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America

Lynn Y. Huynh

Current address: Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America

Richard T. Okinaka

Affiliations Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America, Biosciences, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America

Martin E. Hugh-Jones

Affiliation Department of Environmental Studies, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America

Jacques Ravel

Affiliation The Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America

Shaylan R. Zanecki

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America

Talima Pearson

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America

Tatum S. Simonson

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America

Jana M. U'Ren

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America

Sergey M. Kachur

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America

Rebecca R. Leadem-Dougherty

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America

Shane D. Rhoton

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America

Guenevier Zinser

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America

Jason Farlow

Current address: Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America

Pamala R. Coker

Current address: Pathogen Research & Consulting, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America

Affiliation Department of Environmental Studies, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America

Kimothy L. Smith

Current address: Office of Research and Development, Science and Technology Directorate, Department of Homeland Security, Washington, D. C., United States of America

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America

Bingxiang Wang

Affiliation Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products, Lanzhou, China

Leo J. Kenefic

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America

Claire M. Fraser-Liggett

Affiliation The Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America

David M. Wagner

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America

Paul Keim

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Paul.Keim@nau.edu

Affiliations Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America, Biosciences, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America, Pathogen Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: PK TP Mv DW WE LH TS JU SK KS LK. Performed the experiments: Mv WE LH SZ TS JU SK SR GZ LK RL. Analyzed the data: JR PK TP Mv DW WE LH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: CF JR TP Mv DW WE LH JF PC KS BW MH. Wrote the paper: PK Mv DW RO.