About the Authors

Patrick Peretti-Watel

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: peretti@marseille.inserm.fr

Affiliations Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unit 379, “Social Sciences Applied to Medical Innovation,” Marseille, France, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France, Southeastern Health Regional Observatory (ORS PACA), Marseille, France

Bruno Spire

Affiliations Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unit 379, “Social Sciences Applied to Medical Innovation,” Marseille, France, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France, Southeastern Health Regional Observatory (ORS PACA), Marseille, France

Yolande Obadia

Affiliations Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unit 379, “Social Sciences Applied to Medical Innovation,” Marseille, France, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France, Southeastern Health Regional Observatory (ORS PACA), Marseille, France

Jean-Paul Moatti

Affiliations Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unit 379, “Social Sciences Applied to Medical Innovation,” Marseille, France, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France, Department of Economics, University of Aix-Marseille II, France

for the VESPA Group

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: PP BS YO. Analyzed the data: PP JM. Wrote the paper: PP BS YO JM.