About the Authors

Thomas Elmqvist

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: thomase@ecology.su.se

Affiliations Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden, Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm, Sweden

Markku Pyykönen

Affiliation Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden

Maria Tengö

Affiliation Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden

Fanambinantsoa Rakotondrasoa

Affiliation Department of Biology and Plant Ecology, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar

Elisabeth Rabakonandrianina

Affiliation Department of Biology and Plant Ecology, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar

Chantal Radimilahy

Affiliation Museum of Art and Archaeology, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: TE ER CR. Performed the experiments: MT FR. Analyzed the data: TE MP MT ER CR FR. Wrote the paper: TE MP MT.