About the Authors

Kari A.O. Tikkinen

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: kari.tikkinen@fimnet.fi

Affiliations Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland, Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland, Tampere School of Public Health, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland

Teuvo L.J. Tammela

Affiliations Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland, Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland

Aila M. Rissanen

Affiliation Obesity Research Unit, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

Antti Valpas

Affiliation Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, South Karelian Central Hospital, Lappeenranta, Finland

Heini Huhtala

Affiliation Tampere School of Public Health, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland

Anssi Auvinen

Affiliation Tampere School of Public Health, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland

Competing Interests

Aila Rissanen, Heini Huhtala, and Anssi Auvinen declare no conflict of interest, whereas Kari Tikkinen declares honorarium for Pfizer, Teuvo Tammela consultancies and honoraria for Pfizer, UCB and Astellas Pharma, and Antti Valpas consultanties for Pfizer and honoraria for Astellas Pharma.

Author Contributions

Other: Designed the study: KT TT AA. Peformed further statistical analyses: KT HH AA. Contributed to the interpretation of the findings and formulation of the report: KT TT AR AV HH AA. Wrote the first draft of the manuscript: KT. Contributed to revision of the manuscript: KT TT AR AV HH AA.