About the Authors

Fabrizio Gelain

Affiliations Center for Biomedical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Stem Cell Research Institute, Department of Biological and Technological Research, Fondazione Centro San Raffaele del Monte Tabor, Milan, Italy, Bioscience and Biotechnology Department, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy

Daniele Bottai

Affiliations Stem Cell Research Institute, Department of Biological and Technological Research, Fondazione Centro San Raffaele del Monte Tabor, Milan, Italy, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

Angleo Vescovi

Affiliations Stem Cell Research Institute, Department of Biological and Technological Research, Fondazione Centro San Raffaele del Monte Tabor, Milan, Italy, Bioscience and Biotechnology Department, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy

Shuguang Zhang

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: shuguang@mit.edu

Affiliation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

SZ is one of the inventors of the self-assembling peptides and also a co-founder of 3DM, Inc., an MIT startup that licenses the peptide scaffold patents to BD Biosciences for distribution. SZ also receives free samples of RADA16, peptide scaffold materials without the addition of functional motifs from 3DM as the controls.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SZ FG. Performed the experiments: FG DB. Analyzed the data: SZ FG DB AV. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: FG DB. Wrote the paper: SZ FG DB AV.