About the Authors

Esther Clarke

Affiliation School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland

Ulrich H. Reichard

Affiliations Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany, Department of Anthropology, Southern-Illinois University, Carbondale, United States of America

Klaus Zuberbühler

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: kz3@st-and.ac.uk

Affiliation School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: KZ. Performed the experiments: EC. Analyzed the data: EC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: KZ UR. Wrote the paper: KZ EC. Other: Director of gibbon field site at Khao Yai, provided access to study site, habituated animals, provided permits and invaluable background information on the gibbons: UR.