About the Authors

Christina Yoon

Contributed equally to this work with: Christina Yoon, Adithya Cattamanchi

Affiliation Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Adithya Cattamanchi

Contributed equally to this work with: Christina Yoon, Adithya Cattamanchi

acattamanchi@medsfgh.ucsf.edu

Affiliations Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America, Curry International Tuberculosis Center, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

J. Lucian Davis

Affiliations Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America, Curry International Tuberculosis Center, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

William Worodria

Affiliations Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, Uganda Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda

Saskia den Boon

Affiliation Makerere University-University of California San Francisco Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda

Nelson Kalema

Affiliation Makerere University-University of California San Francisco Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda

Winceslaus Katagira

Affiliation Makerere University-University of California San Francisco Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda

Sylvia Kaswabuli

Affiliation Makerere University-University of California San Francisco Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda

Cecily Miller

Affiliation Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Alfred Andama

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda

Heidi Albert

Affiliation Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, Kampala, Uganda

Pamela Nabeta

Affiliation Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, Geneva, Switzerland

Christen Gray

Affiliation Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, Geneva, Switzerland

Irene Ayakaka

Affiliation Makerere University-University of California San Francisco Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda

Laurence Huang

Affiliations Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America, HIV/AIDS Division, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have read the journal’s policy and have the following conflicts: 1) AC is an Academic Editor of PLOS ONE. 2) HA, PN and CG work for the Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND), a nonprofit organization whose mission is to drive the development and early implementation of diagnostic tests that have a high impact on patient care in low and middle-resource settings. FIND partnered with Cepheid in the development and initial evaluation of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AC JLD. Performed the experiments: WW SdB NK WK SK IA. Analyzed the data: CY AC JLD CM. Wrote the paper: CY AC. Critically reviewed the manuscript: LH JLD PN SdB WW HA CG. Approved the final manuscript: CY AC JLD WW SdB NK WK SK CM AA HA PN CG IA LH.