About the Authors

Tomo-o Watsuji

watsuji@jamstec.go.jp

Affiliation Subsurface Geobiology Advanced Research Team (SUGAR), Extremobiosphere Research Program (XBR), Institute of Biogeosciences, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan

Manabu Nishizawa

Affiliation Precambrian Ecosystem Laboratory, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan

Yuki Morono

Affiliation Geomicrobiology Group, Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, JAMSTEC, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan

Hisako Hirayama

Affiliation Subsurface Geobiology Advanced Research Team (SUGAR), Extremobiosphere Research Program (XBR), Institute of Biogeosciences, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan

Shinsuke Kawagucci

Affiliation Subsurface Geobiology Advanced Research Team (SUGAR), Extremobiosphere Research Program (XBR), Institute of Biogeosciences, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan

Naoto Takahata

Affiliation Atomosphere and Ocean Research Institute, the University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan

Yuji Sano

Affiliation Atomosphere and Ocean Research Institute, the University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan

Ken Takai

Affiliation Subsurface Geobiology Advanced Research Team (SUGAR), Extremobiosphere Research Program (XBR), Institute of Biogeosciences, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: TW KT. Performed the experiments: TW MN. Analyzed the data: YM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: HH SK NT YS. Wrote the paper: TW. Provided input on manuscript: HH SK NT YS KT MN YM.